How Do Cataracts Develop?

A cataract is a clouding of the normally clear lens of the eye, which can cause blurred vision. The development of cataracts is primarily age-related, but other diseases, such as diabetes, and lifestyle factors, such as smoking and alcohol use, can also play a role. Cataracts affect more than half of Americans by age 80, though some people in their 40s and 50s can develop age-related cataracts as well. They can occur in one or both eyes, but they do not spread from one eye to the other.

Patients with cataracts may experience blurry or clouded vision or poor night vision. Colors may seem tinted or faded, and they may notice excessive glare from headlights, lamps, or sunlight. They may also need frequent eyeglass prescription changes. These symptoms can be caused by other conditions as well, so patients should consult with an eye care professional if they experience them.

If a patient’s cataracts are advanced enough to interfere with daily life, cataract surgery may be recommended. Cataract surgery is one of the most common procedures performed in the United States with 90 percent of patients who undergo the procedure reporting improved vision afterward.